原图/完整电子版搜索微信公众号:初中提分笔记课堂 (译林)八年级上册英语知识点归纳 Unit 8:Natural disasters 【重点短语】 1 wake up 醒来 2 crash into 撞上…… 3 fall from 从……上跌落下来 4 mop up 把……拖干净 5 wash away 冲走 6 catch fire 着火 7 feel a slight shake 感到轻微震动 8 run out of 从……中跑出 9 in all directions 四面八方 10 come down 坍塌 11 not…at all 一点也不 12 a moment of fear 片刻的恐惧 13 calm down 冷静下来 14 shout for help 呼救 15 move away 移开 16 find one’s way out 找到出路 17 at last 最后,终于 18 break down 出故障,坏掉 19 because of 因为,由于 20 as…as possible 尽可能 【重点句型】 1 Who will mop up the water if I go home without you? 如果你不跟我回家,谁将拖 干水呢? 2 There was a heavy storm with thunder and lighting. 有一场暴风雨,电闪雷鸣。 3 Lighting hit a classroom building and it caught fire. 闪电击中了一栋教学楼,并引 发了火灾。 原图/完整电子版搜索微信公众号:初中提分笔记课堂 4 I was sleeping when the earthquake started. 地震发生时我正在睡觉。 5 Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were failing down. 外面,人们四处奔跑,成片的玻璃与砖头纷纷落下。 6 A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. 我的脑海里闪过片刻的恐惧,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为自己还 活着。 7 Luckily, there was just enough space for me to move. 幸运的是,有足够的空间来 容我移动。 8 …I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 当我正 在尽力寻找出路时,我突然听到楼上有嘈杂声。 【重点语法】 过去进行时 一、定义 过去进行时,是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。 二、结构 was/were +doing (现在分词) 2.1 过去进行时的构成 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 现在分词... 否定句:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词... 疑问句:Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词...? 疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词...? 2.2 过去进行时的肯定句 句型:主语 + was/were + 现在分词... All the pupils were writing their homework in the classroom then.那时,所有的小学 生都在教室里写作业。 By the time we got there,it was already getting dark.等我们赶到那里时,天已经黑 下来了。 2.3 过去进行时的否定句 句型:主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词... 过去进行时的否定句是在助动词 was/were 后加 not,后接现在分词; They were not playing basketball,but playing volleyball.他们不是在打篮球,而是 打排球。 2.4 过去进行时的一般疑问句 句型: Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词...? 回答方式:Yes,主语 + was/were... No,主语 + was/were + not... 过去进行时的一般疑问句是将助动词 was/were 置于主语之前(大写 was/were 的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序: 原图/完整电子版搜索微信公众号:初中提分笔记课堂 Were you having dinner when they came? —Yes,we were./No,we weren't.他们来 的时候,你们是否在吃饭? ——是的,在吃饭。/不,不在吃饭。 2.5 过去进行时的特殊疑问句 句型:疑问代词(主语) + was/were + 现在分词...? 疑问代词/疑问副词 + was/were + 主语 + 现在分词...? 过去进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词 was/were 之前 (was/were 的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多,在句尾加问号; 这种语序是主语和谓语倒装语序。就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定 词的名词词组置于助动词 was/were 之前,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语 序: Who was singing last night? —Tom was singing last night.昨晚是谁在唱歌? (就主 语提问)——是汤姆。 What was she doing when he called? —She was reading when he called.当他来访时, 她在做什么? ——她在看书。(就宾语提问) What was that man doing in your room? 那个男人在你房间里做什么? (就宾语提 问) 现在进行时和过去进行时的构成方式的比较: 2.6 过去进行时的基本用法 1.表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作 常和表示过去时间的状语如 then(那时),at this(that)time(在这时/那时), yesterday(昨天),last year(去年)等连用。但在不少情况下,没有表示时间 的状语,此时需通过上下文来表示: What were you doing at about 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon? —I was listening to music.昨天下午 4 点钟左右你在做什么? ——我在听音乐。 Jane was working on her homework last night.简昨晚在写作业。 2.在某事(动作)发生前开始的动作 过去进行时和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。用过去进行时表示过去正在 进行的动作。过去进行时可用于主句,亦可用于从句: Just as I was leaving the house,the telephone rang.我正要出门,电话铃响了。(用 于从句) He broke his leg when he was playing football.他踢足球的时候把腿伤了。(用于从 句) She was reading when he called.他来访时,她正在看书。(用于主句) 3.表示同时进行的动作 While you were writing letters,I was reading a book.你写信的时候,我在看书。 While we were having breakfast,John was talking on the tele-phone.我们吃早饭的时 原图/完整电子版搜索微信公众号:初中提分笔记课堂 候,约翰在打电话。 4.表示过去将来的动作 过去进行时亦可表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中: She was leaving early the next morning.第二天一早她就要离开此地了。(从过去某 时间看) She asked whether he was coming back for lunch.她问他晚饭是否回家来吃。(用于 间接引语中) We were coming to see you,but it rained(so we didn't).我们本预备来看你,只是 下雨了。 2.7 过去进行时和一般过去时的区别 过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作,强调动作的连续性。一般过去时表 示一个完成的动作,即用一般过去时只表示有过这件事或比较短暂的动作: He talked to his girlfriend on the phone yesterday.昨天他和女朋友通过电话。 He was talking to his girlfriend on the phone when I came in.我进来时,他在和女朋 友通电话。 It rained yesterday.昨天下过雨。(不一定是一整天) while, when,as 掌握 while 和 when 在过去进行时中的用法:表示两个持续性的动作在过去同 时发生用 while,when 后接一个短暂性的动作。持续性的动作用过去进行时,短 暂性的动作用一般过去时。e.g.: I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV..
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