第 12 练 祈使句 一、祈使句的定义 祈使句是用来发出命令、指示，或提出要求、建议和劝告的句子，表示的是说话者的情感和态度。祈使句 的主语是第二人称，一般不表示出来，所以祈使句一般是以动词原形开头的。句末用感叹号或句号，读降 调。 Look at the blackboard, please! 二、祈使句的结构和用法 1. 肯定的祈使句：以动词原形开头的祈使句。 Come in please! Be careful! Let’s go to school together. 2. 否定的祈使句：否定在句首加上 Don't。 Don’t come in! Don't be careless. Don't let them play with fire. 三、祈使句的回答 祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用 will 或 won’t。在回答具有否定意 义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即 Yes 与 will 保持一致;NoNo 与 won’t 保持一致。二是“意思相 反”，即 Yes 是“不”的意思;NoNo 是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。 --- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 --- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 四、祈使句的反意疑问句 1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 won't you。 Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。如： Don't be late again, will you? 3）①以 let's 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we。 Let's turn on the TV, shall we? ②以 let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 won't you。 Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 五、祈使句与陈述句的并列使用　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 祈使句后接陈述句时，须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时，要用并列连词 and 来连接;No如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时，要用并列连词 or 来连接。 Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.　不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。把它留给我吧，我想想有没有办法。 Hurry up, or we’ll be late. 快点，否则我们要迟到了。 一、选择题 1. Boys and girls, ________ up your hands if you want to take part in the summer camp. A. putting B. to put C. puts D. put 【答案】D 【解析】 由关键信息 Boys and girls 后面有逗号隔开和题意可知这里要用祈使句，应以动词原形开头，故正确答案为 D。 2. “_______ exercise every day, my child. It’s good for your health.” Father said. A. Taking B. Take C. To take D. Takes 【答案】B 【解析】 前面是一个完整的句子，祈使句的主语多为第二人称 you，通常省略，因此要以动词原形开头，故正确答 案为 B。 3. _________ this kind of peach, and you will like it. A. Try B. Trying C. To try D. Tried 【答案】A 【解析】 这句话中根据 and 可知前后是两个并列的结构，后面是一个句子，前面也应该是一个句子，句子为祈使句 ， 省略主语 you, 故正确答案选 A。 4. Ssh! ________ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping right now. A. Do B. Does C. Don’t D. Doesn’t 【答案】C 【解析】 考查否定形式的祈使句。根据后面的关键信息“The baby is sleeping right now.”可选 C。 5. Don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, _______? A. shall we B. will you C. won’t you D. do you 【答案】B 【解析】 考查祈使句的反意疑问句形式。前一句话为否定句，后面的反意疑问句用肯定形式。祈使句是命令句，这 个动作还没有做，所以是将来时。A 选项是 Let's 开头祈使句的反意疑问句。 6.----Don't forget to close the door when you leave the classroom. -----____________. A,Yes, I do B.Yes, I will C.No, I don’t D. No, I won’t 【答案】D 【解析】 考查祈使句的回答。这句话句意是“当你离开教室的时候不要忘记关门”，回答应该是“我不会忘记的”。根据 祈使句的特征，我们可以得出后面的回答用将来时，很多学生会误选成 B，意思就完全相反了。 7.______ tell a lie. A. Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never 【答案】D 【解析】 首先本句没有主语，因此是考查祈使句。有时可以借助 never 来构成祈使句的否定句。因此答案是 D。 8.Lucy, ____ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. don’t close D. is closing 【答案】A 【解析】 句意;NoLucy,把门关上，否则会有人进来，这个句子中的 Lucy 是一个称呼，并不是这个句子的主语，后面是 对 Lucy 发出的指令，用祈使句，所以答案为 A。 二、句型转换 1. Will you please read it again more slowly? （改为祈使句）改为祈使句） _____ _____ again more slowly, please. 2. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. （改为祈使句）改为同义句） _____ _____ me, or I’ll go. 3. Let's watch the sports games. （改为祈使句）改为反意疑问句） Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____? 4. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. （改为祈使句）改为祈使句） _____ _____careless, please. 5. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. （改为祈使句）改为反意疑问句） Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____? 【答案】 1. Read it 2. Listen to 3. shall we 4. Don't be 5. Will you 一、完型填空 A man was walking in a forest. He was holding an axe (斧子) in his hand. A little tree stopped him and said, “Please use your axe to ____1____ those tall trees, my friend. Because of them, the sunlight cannot fall on me, and I have no room at all to spread myself. Without them, I’ll be the tallest tree in the forest.” The man ____2____ to help the little tree. He used his ____3____ to cut down the trees. Then the little tree had ____4____ room. The little tree felt happy and said ____5____ to the man. When the Sun came out, the little tree lost water and it became very ____6____. Later when a storm came, the little tree ____7____ all its leaves and branches. “Oh, poor little tree!” a bird said ____8____ “You shouldn’t ask the man to cut down the trees. The tall trees protected you so that you didn’t worry about heat or wind or rain. Time went by and you would ____9____. When you get tall and _____10_____, you can have enough strength to fight against the Sun and the storms. So I don’t think you should do that.” After hearing the words of the bird, the little tree felt regretful (后悔的). 1.A.throw away B.turn off C.look for D.cut down 2.A.remember