第 09 练 冠词的用法 一、冠词的分类 不定冠词 a/an 冠词 定冠词 the 零冠词（不使用冠 词） 用于单数名词前，与 one 同源，表示微弱的“一”的概 念，用来表示泛指，但不强调数目。 与 this, that,these, those 同源，表示特定的人或物，用 作特指，意思是“这个/那个/这些/那些”。 一些固定搭配或是习惯用法中，名词前不加冠词修饰。 二、不定冠词 a/an 的用法 不定冠词 a /an 的用法：不定冠词用在单数名词的前面，a 用在辅音开头的词前面； an 用在元音开头的词 的前面。 1）用于单数可数名词前，表示“一”。 There is a dog lying on the ground. 2) 不定冠词+可数名词单数可表示“一类人或一类物” Do you want to be a doctor like your father? An elephant is much stronger than a man. 3) 表示“某个”。 A lady is waiting for you at the gate. 4) 表示“每一”，相当于 every。 You’d better take the medicine after meals, three meals a day. 5)用于首次提及的人或事物，不特别指出是哪一个。 I have a cat. It is very cute. 6）用于 such a/an, quite a/an, half a/an, what a/an 等句式中。 She is such an honest girl that she never tell lies. What a nice cake! 7）用在序数词前表示“又一，再一”，相当于 another。如： He had failed twice, but he still wanted to try a third time. 他已失败了两次，但他还想试第三次。 三、定冠词 the 的用法 1）表示特指的人或事物。 The man with a flower in his hand is Jack. 2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。 Look at the blackboard, Lily. 3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如： There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert. 4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如： The earth turns around the sun. 5) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面以及对特定的两个人或事物进行对比时的比较级前。如： Who is the first one to go? / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth. He is the younger of the two boys. 6) 常用在西洋乐器名称的前面。 He began to play the violin at the age of 5. 7) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。 I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains. 8) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。 He is from the United States of America. 9）用在姓氏之前表示一家人。 The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month. 10）用在表示方位、身体部位的名词前面。 There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River. 11) 用于“世纪”的表达。 in the 1980s 12) 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人。 the rich 富人 the poor 穷人 the sick 病人 the good 好人 四、零冠词的用法 1）专有名词和（第一次使用）一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。 China is a very large country.（中国是个大国） Man needs air and water. 2) 名词前已有以下限定词时不用冠词：this,that,these,those,my(及其他形容词性物主代词)， whose, some,no, each,every 等。 My pen is much more expensive than yours. 3）月份、季节、周日、节假日（尤其是含有 Day 的节日名词）前一般不用。 He was born on Monday, February 18,1995. They usually plant trees on the hills in spring. On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents 前不用 4)（第一次使用）复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用冠词。 Men are cleverer than monkeys.（人比猴子聪明） 5)三餐饭前、.球类名词前一般不加冠词。 We have breakfast at home and lunch at school. The children play football on Saturday afternoons. 6）与 by 连用的交通工具前。 by train, by coach, by bus, by plane 一、选择题 1. Sandy often takes her dog for ______ walk around the lake after supper. A. a B. an C. the D. 不填 【答案】A 【解析】 本题考查的是冠词的用法。take sb for a walk 是固定搭配，所以选 A。 2.It’s not ______ good idea to drive for four hours without ______ break. A. a; a B. the; the 【答案】A C. a; the D. the; a 【解析】 第一个空是泛指的一个好主意，所以用 a;第二个空不定冠词与抽象词连用，表示具体的一次休息。 3.If you go by train，you can have quite A．a；a comfortable journey，but make sure you take fast one． B. the；a C. the；the D.不填；a 【答案】A 【解析】本题题意为“如果你成火车去，旅程将会相当舒服，但你务必要坐一辆快车。”两处均修饰单数名 词，且表示泛指，因此答案为 A。 4.–Who’s _________ young man with long hair? –He’s a friend of mine. A. a B. the C. an D. his 【答案】B 【解析】句意为那个梳着长发的女孩是谁？这个空是特指那个女孩，所以选 B 5. We’d better get ready for the dinner now because _________ Greens are coming to visit us tonight. A. a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】C 【解析】 句意文我们现在最好准备好晚饭，因为格林一家今晚回来拜访我们。定冠词 the 与姓氏的复数形式连用表 示一家人。 6.This summer, I’m going to visit A. a B. an Great Wall. (2012 江苏淮安) C. the D. / 【答案】C 【解析】 今年夏天，我打算去参观长城。the 使用在“普通名词构成的专有名词”前。 7.—Is Mr. Franco Hollande honest and capable man? —Yes. And that is why he was chosen A. a ; a B. an ; \ C. the ; the president of France. (2012 江苏连云港) D. a ; \ 【答案】B 【解析】 表示头衔，职位，称呼的名词前不用任何冠词。 8.He was watching TV while I was playing ______golf. A.不填；the B.the;不填 C.不填；不填 D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】 第一个空是习惯用法；第二个空表示球类运动的词前不用冠词。 二、冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。 1.There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall. 2.This is _______ useful book.I've read it for _______ hour. 3.______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse. 4._______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day. 5.Let's go out for _______ walk. 【答案】 1.a；an；the 2.a；an 3.An；a 4.The；the；a 5.a 一、阅读理解 A Sally was a student. It was going to be her mother’s birthday. She wanted to buy her a present that would be nice and useful but not expensive. She went shopping after a quick and simple lunch. After she looked for half an hour, she found a shop that was selling cheap umbrellas, and she decided to take a black one. She thought, “Mom can carry it when she is wearing clothes of any color.” So