动词时态 一．一般过去时 1.一般过去时的构成:一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。 Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack. 上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克制作了一个飞机模型。 My father studied at this school twenty years ago. 我的父亲二十年前在这所学校学习。 2.一般过去时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 I got up at six this morning. 我今天早上六点起的床。 We visited a farm last Sunday. 我们上周日参观了一个农场。 (2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。 When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river. 在乡下的时候,我经常在河里游泳。 注意:和一般过去时连用的时间状语有:last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1990,in the past,the other day,just now 等。 题组训练 根据提示,完成句子。 1.—Have you had your breakfast yet?你吃过早饭了吗? it for me. 吃过了,妈妈为我做的饭。 —Yes.Mom 2.We by the lake last weekend. 上周末,我们在湖边野餐了。 【答案】cooked,had a picnic 二．一般现在时 1.一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-ss 或-ses。 Tom often helps his parents do housework at home. 汤姆在家经常帮他的父母干家务活。 Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself. 有时候露西自己洗衣服。 2.一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 I often take a bus to school. 我经常乘公共汽车去上学。 (2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth is round.地球是圆的。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。 (3)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。 When I grow up,I will go to America. 等我长大后,我要去美国。 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,we will go to the zoo. 如果明天不下雨,我们就去动物园。 (4)在某些以 here,there 开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语 (1)表示频率的副词 usually、sometimes 等; (2)every day、every year 等时间状语。 题组训练 根据提示,完成句子。 1.I’ll finish my project if I ten more minutes. 如果再给我十分钟,我会完成我的方案。 2.Mr.White short stories,but he is writing a TV play these days. 怀特先生(一直)写短篇小说,但是这些天他在写一部电视剧。 【答案】am given，writes 三．一般将来时 1．基本结构 一般将来时有两种结构：be going to do / will do 例：We will have a picnic in the park this weekend. =We are going to have a picnic in the park this weekend. 批注：如果主语是第一人称，句子是表示征求别人意见的一般疑问句时，用 shall，will 用于第二人称 you, 而 be going to 则不能表示征求别人的意见。 例：Shall we go climbing tomorrow? Will you go shopping with me soon? 2．用法详解 (1)将来要发生的动作。 例：We will have a writing competition next Sunday. My mother will buy a coat for me. (2)将来一段时间内的状态。 例：I will work in the shop during this summer holiday. (3)一般将来时的时间标志有： tomorrow, soon, this evening, tonight, this weekend, in two days, in 2020, next week 等。 例：I will finish my work in two days. We will take part in Mary’s birthday party tonight. 3．句式变化 (1)一般将来时的否定句：在 be 动词或者 will 后面直接加 not。 例：He won’t go out because it is raining. He isn’t going to play the piano this evening. (2)一般将来时的一般疑问句：直接将 be 动词或 will 提前放到句首。 例：Will you have a test next week? Are you going to join us? (3)一般将来时的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词开头，后面加一般疑问句。 例：When will you finish your homework? 4．特殊注意点 (1)主将从现：if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来动作，主句用将来时。 例：If you work hard, you will get better grades. If you eat too much, you will become fat. (2)现在进行时表将来：如果该动作是计划安排好了的，且动词是 come, go, arrive, leave, end, start, end 等表示动向的动词时，可用现在进行时表将来。 例：Christmas is coming. Mr. Smith is leaving for Beijing this evening. (3)一般现在时表将来：第一种就是出现在主将从现原则中，其次考查较多的是时刻表。 例：The train leaves at three o’clock. 一、填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I ________ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ________ _______ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。 ________ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 二、改句子。 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）改否定） I _______ go ______ join them. 7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改否定）改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改否定）改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30? 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（改否定）对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow? 一．1. am, going, to 2. are, you, going, to, do 3. Is, going, to, week, is, is, going, to 4. are, going, to 二．5. isn’t 6. won’t, or 7. Are, you, going 8. Will, you 9. What, is, going, to, do 10. What, are 四、现在进行时 1.现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词的现在分词+其他”构成。 否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词+其他。 疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are. 否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not. 2.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 —What are you doing?你在干什么? —I am washing my car.我在洗我的车。 3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 The students are working on the farm these days. 这些天学生们一直在农场劳动。 4.当时间状语为 now、these