第10讲 八上新知专题 动词不定式的用法 【暑假辅导班】2021 年新八年级英语暑假精品课程（牛津译林版） 第一部分 语法 动词不定式的作用 句子成分 作主语 用法 例句 谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用 it 作 To master a language is not easy=It is 形式主语。常用句型有： not easy to master a language.学好一 ①It is +It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某 门语言是不容易的。 人来说是……＂。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 意为＂做某事花费某 人多长时间＂ 作宾语 常 接 动 词 不 定 式 作 宾 语 的 动 词 有 ： would like, want, I would like to make friends with you. like,hope, wish, plan ， decide,learn, agree, try, remember, 我想要和你交朋友。 forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, I find it difficult to pass my math begin, start 等 think,find,believe 等 动 词 可 用 于 ＂ 动 词 exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。 +it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it 作形式宾语，而真正的 宾语是后面的不定式。 作定语 动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有 Can you give me a pen to write with? 逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不 能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？ 及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作 Do you have something to say? 你 有 定 语 的 名 词 有 ： time, need, way, chance, opportunity, 什么要说的吗？ courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition 作状语 作表语 不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、 To do a good job,we must have the 结果和原因。 right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。 放在系动词后作表语。 My dream is to be an engineer.我想成 为一名工程师。 注： 不定式的特殊用法 ①It is + 使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略 to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的 to 则要加上。 ②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 动词不定式的否定形式是 not to do，其被动形式为 to be done。 Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。 ③ 常接＂疑问词+带 to 的不定式＂的动词有 teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget 等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 第二部分 动词不定式专项训练（含解析） 一、单项选择 1．Would you like ________ an animal doctor when you grow up? A．be B．being C．to be D．are C．which one to buy D．which I should buy it 2．— Which dress do you like best, Madam? —Sorry, I can't decide _______ now. A．to buy which one B．buy which one 3．—How does Jack usually go to work? —He________ drive a car, but now he ________there to keep healthy. A．used to; is used to walk B．was used to; is used to walking C．was used to; is used to walk D．used to; is used to walking 4．Tell Jimmy________ the pet cat. It may spread some diseases. A．not to play with B．doesn’t play with C．to play with 5．Jim ________his room every day. A．needs to clean B．needs cleaning C．need to clean D．needs clean 6．—How is your grandma? —She's fine. She used to________TV at home after dinner. But now she is used to __________ out for a walk. A．watch; go B．watch; going C．watching; go D．watching; going 7．I argued with my friend. I don’t know________. Can you give me some________? A．what to do; advice B．what to do; advices C．how to do; advice 8．We advise parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not leave B．not to leave C．leave D．to leave C．to eat，eating D．to eat，to eat C．bought D．to buy 9．—Would you like________anything? —No，I don't feel like________anything. A．eating，eating B．eating，to eat 10．Could you tell me where ________a scarf? A．buy B．buying 11．Mr. Wu often tells us________ with others. We should learn to get on well with each other. A．to fight B．not to fight C．fight D．not fight 12．The boss advised Mr. Black________out the plan, but he had trouble ________with it. A．work; deal B．to work; dealing C．to work; to deal D．working; to deal 13．—Jack is the first________up with David in the relay race. —How great he is! A．catch B．catching C．catches D．to catch 14．—This physics problem is too difficult. Can you show me ________, Wang Lin? —Sure. A．what to work it out B．what to work out it C．how to work it out D． how to work out it 15．He asked me________ it secret. A．keeping B．to keep C．kept D．keeps 16．________over the difficulties on the way to success, you need to study all the time and develop many kinds of skills. A．Get B．Got C．To get D．Getting 17．When we are in need, she never refuses ________ us. A．to help B．helping C．help D．helps 18．—Miss Gao, I have trouble ________ the text. —Remember ________ it three times at least. A．understanding; reading B．to understand; to read C．to understand; reading 19．Mr. Green told us D．understanding; to read too much time reading novels. A．don’t take; on B．not to take; in C．not to spend; in D．don’t to spend; on 20．— Can I help you, sir？ — Yeah, today is my daughter’s birthday but I don’t know ________ for my daughter. A．what to buy B．when