八年级上册：Unit 2 语法及写作 知识梳理与精练 知识解析 考点一 副词的比较等级 1.副词的比较级和最高级的构成 (1)规则构成:与形容词的比较级和最高级的构成、用法及读音规则基本相同。 英语中常见的由-er,-ester,-er,-estest 构成比较级和最高级的副词有 fast,late,hard,long,near 等。 (2)不规则构成 原级 比较级 最高级 well badly much little far 2.副词的比较等级的用法详解 (1)原级的用法 ① 肯定句中用“as+副词原级+as”结构。如: The teacher speaks she can to make us understand her. 老师尽力说清楚以便我们能明白她。 ② 否定句中用“not...as/so+副词原级+as”结构。如: I can’t type my brother. 我打字不如我弟弟快。 (2)比较级的用法 ① 用“比较级+than”结构可以表达一方超过另一方的情况,也可表达一方不如另一方的情况。如: Tom is hard-er,-estworking. I work him. 汤姆很努力,我比他更加努力。 ②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+副词”表示某种情况变得“越来越……”。如: Tom plays the violin . 汤姆小提琴拉得越来越好。 With time going on,we are getting on with one another.随着时间的流逝,我们之间相处得越来越好。 ③“the+“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行变化,意为“越……(就)越……”。 如: we know each other, we understand each other. 我们相互了解得越多,就越能互相理解。 (3)最高级的用法 主要运用“the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语”结构,最高级前的定冠词 the 可省略。如: Brandon jumps (the)highest but runs (the)most slowly of the three boys. 这三个男孩中,布兰登跳得最高,但跑得最慢。 Of all the subjects,I like art (the)best. 在所有课程中,我最喜欢美术。 一、写出下列副词的比较级和最高级 1.hard 2.brightly 3.badly 4.early 5.well 6.slowly 7.fast 8.beautifully 9.quickly 10.late 二、用副词的适当形式填空 1.Who comes to school 2.I write (early), Jerry or Martin? (carefully) than my friend, Carol. 3.Bill draws (well) of the three boys. 4.Would you please speak 5.John studies (clearly)? I can’t follow you now. (hard) than before. 二．知识拓展 副词(词组)辨析 1.hard 和 hardly 副词 hard 意义及用法说明 “努力地,辛苦地,剧烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副 词 hardly “几乎不”,是否定副词 例句 It’s raining hard.雨下得很大。 I can hardly understand his words. 我 几 乎 听 不 懂 他 说 的 话。 2.much too 和 too much 副词词组 意义及用法说明 “非常,极其,太”,much 和 too 都是副词,中心词 much too 是 too,much 修饰 too,以加强语气,much too 修 饰形容词或副词原级 例句 The car is much too expensive. 这辆轿车实在太贵了。 “太多”,中心词是 much,too 修饰 much,以加强 too 语气,too much 修饰不可数名词,与 too many much 相对应,too many 修饰可数名词复数 3.too,as well,also 和 either 副词 例句 “也”,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 “也”,一般用于肯定句,常放在句末 “也”,常放在 be 动词、情态动词或助动词之 also 后,行为动词之前 either “也”,用于否定句,常放在句末 4.too,enough 和 so too enough so He likes English,too.他也喜欢英语。 I like you as well.我也喜欢你。 I can also swim.我也会游泳。 I don’t know French,either.我也不懂法语。 意义及用法说明 意为“太,很”,常用于“too...to...”结构,表示否定意义,表 例句 The man is too old to look after himself.这个人年 示“太……而不能……” 意为“足够”,常用于“形容词/副词原级+enough to...” 纪太大了,不能照顾自己。 The boy runs fast enough to win the game.这个男 结构,表示“足够……能……” 意为“如此”,用于“so...that...”结构,表示“如此……以 孩跑得足够快,能赢得比赛。 The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it.这 至于……” 5.ago 和 before 个照相机太贵了,我买不起。 副词 ago 了。 意义及用法说明 (词组) too as well 副词 There’s too much rain in summer. 夏 天 雨 水 太 多 用法 表示从事情发生到现在,时间过去了多久 before 表示从事情发生到过去某个时间是多久 考点三 例句 The meeting began five minutes ago.会议五分钟前开始 的。 Her husband had died many years before.那时她的丈夫已 去世多年。 疑问副词(词组)辨析 疑问副词 意义 用法 when 什么时候 问时间 where 哪里 问地点 why 为什么 问原因 how 怎样 问方式 how far 多远 问距离 how much 多少钱 问价格 (词组) 例句 When do you get up? 你什么时候起床? Where is my ruler? 我的尺子在哪里? Why do you like spring? 你为什么喜欢春天? How do you go to school? 你怎么去上学? How far is it from here? 离这儿有多远? How much is the milk? 问不可数名词的 多少 数量 对持续性动作提问,常 多久 how long 用“for+时间段”回答 多长 疑问副词 意义 用法 多久一次 问频率 (词组) how often 问长度 多久 问,常用“in+时间段”回 答 多少 how many 有多少水? —How long have you lived in Beijing?你在北京住了多久 了? —For ten years.十年了。 How long are your legs?你的腿有多长? 例句 对一个短暂性动作提 how soon 牛奶多少钱? How much water is there? 问可数名词的数量 How often do you go to the cinema? 你多久看一次电影? How soon can he finish it? 他多久能完成它? How many days are there in a year? 一年有多少天? 随堂练习 1.—Excuse me, is this T-er,-estshirt? —It’s 88 yuan. A.how much B.how many C.how long D.how old 2.— do you usually go to school, Mary? —By bike. A.When 3.— B.How C.Where D.Why are these bananas? —$3.99. A.How much B.How long C.How heavy D.How big 4.I jumped A.high than Bill in the sports meet last year. B.higher C.highest 5.—Which season do you like D.the highest ,winter or summer? —Summer. A.well B.better C.best D.the best 二 1.— will it take to drive to Tianjin? —For about 2 hours. A.How long B.How far C.How old D.How often 2.— have you worked in this factory? —For about 5 years. A.How often B.How much C.How long D.How many 3.— is Mom, Jack? —I’m not sure. Maybe in the garden. A.Where 4.— B.How C.What D.Which balls are there on the floor? —There are fifty. A.How long B.How much C.How many D.How far 5.— do you often do exercise? —I want to keep fit. A.How B.Where C.When 6.—Which city do you like D.Why , Beijing or Guangzhou? —Beijing. I think